This study guide in PDF format provides a sweeping panorama of one of the most important chapters of modern history, providing insight into the Gulf and Afghanistan’s complex past and troubled present.

By learning to analyse primary and secondary sources, approach scholarly material effectively, and assess cause-and-effect relationships, students will be well-equipped to navigate complex historical narratives and develop their own informed perspectives. The guide features:
A range of scholarly opinion from Middle East experts and historians
An introduction to historiography and an in-depth guide to answering source questions
A bank of exam questions and model answers, helping students to score a grade-9 in the exam

Optimised for the AQA specification, material covered includes:
A background to tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, including the Sunni-Shia schism, oil politics, and the legacy of Western colonialism
The Iranian Revolution
The Iran-Iraq war
The Israel-Palestine conflict
The Gulf War
Al-Qaeda, 9/11 and the Taliban
Bush’s war on terror and the invasion of Afghanistan
Saddam Hussein’s regime, WMDs, and the war in Iraq
The transfer of power in Iraq